VASH1 and neoplasm: Tumor tissue is a complex mixture, including immune cells, interstitial cells, stromal cells, and other nontumor cells in tumor tissue, which commonly affect patient outcomes.26,27 The proportion of tumor cells is known as tumor purity.28 Our data showed that the expression of VASH1 inversely affected tumor purity, which meant that we could reduce tumor purity and regulate the infiltration of immune cells in the TME by increasing VASH1 expression.