PTGS2 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: Curcumin increases the expression of p16 and inactivates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, resulting in decreased expression of α-SMA and, consequently, the migration/invasion54, and suppresses NF-κB, Cyclooxygenase-2, and IL-8 expression in pancreatic carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo55.