EDN1 and endothelial dysfunction: Possible mechanisms include the release of keratinocyte-derived vasoactive peptides such as endothelin-1.408 Excessive endothelin-1 release by hyperplastic keratinocytes of psoriasis can lead to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction via promoting cytokine and ROS production, which has been identified as a primary feature of hypertension pathophysiology.409,410