A variety of cytokines, such as TGF-α, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1α, can upregulate the expression of Wnt-5a.234 Subsequent studies have found that Wnt-5a is a key regulator of keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis.235 A recent study on the differential DNA methylation of miRNA-encoding genes in psoriasis highlighted the Wnt pathway. Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.