Tau phosphorylation was further investigated using two other commonly employed phosphorylated-tau antibodies, CP13 (for visualizing pretangles and mature-tangles)34 and PHF-1 (for visualizing mature-tangles).35 Immunohistochemistry revealed that both CP13 and PHF-1 labelled tau were widely distributed in substantia nigra in subjects with MMD, MMD-LB and PD but not in the NMD subjects (Supplementary Figs 7 and 8). This evidence concerns the gene PHF1 and Parkinson disease.