CASP1 and infection: At the same late time of 24 h post-infection, the Ripk3−/− BMDMs showed almost WT levels of activation of many PANoptosis molecules, consistent with the cell death phenotype we observed; however, Ripk3−/− BMDMs continued to show significantly reduced CASP1 and GSDMD activation at the 24 h timepoint (Figure 2B).