TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In the diet-induced obesity mice model, the purple corn cob extract treatment upregulated the M2 markers (ArgI, Fizz1, and TGFβ) and downregulated the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2) by suppressing NF-kB signaling [94].