Moreover, research by Jung et al. has demonstrated that encapsulating OAds expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) within gelatin hydrogels (OAd-TRAIL/gel) effectively enhances and prolongs the virus’s anti-tumor action [77].In another study, the combination of chitosan-PEG-folic acid (FA) nanocomplexes with OAds significantly improved the therapeutic effect and safety against folic acid receptor (FR)-positive cancers. Here, TNFSF10 is linked to neoplasm.