This phenomenon damages and increases the permeability of the capillary membrane of the lungs, brain, and other tissues, while also increasing the presence of inflammatory factors to upregulate cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which causes further leakage of capillaries and leads to high-altitude-related brain and pulmonary edema [33,34]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to pulmonary edema.