PPARA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, and as discussed before, this hypolipidemic effect is independent of the modulation of obesity, IR, adiponectinemia, and hyperglycemia, and seems to be an independent effect that acts mainly on the liver SREBP1 and PPARα axes and could be a direct effect or indirectly mediated by the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation.