TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Intraperitoneal injection of sodium butyrate acid can decrease the expression of hypermobility protein 1 (HP-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in an ALI/ARDS mouse model [60,132].