Here, our primary objective was to probe the capacity of Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV-uninfected Ugandan infants and young children with confirmed TB to produce three key proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) in response to the well-characterized Mtb-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, as well as five mycobacterial antigens previously shown to be immunodominant CD8+ T-cell antigens among Mtb-infected adults [33]. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.