In addition, IPF lung fibroblasts display higher expression of β-galactosidase, p16, p21, p53 and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18), chemokines (CXCL1, MCP-1), growth factors (FGF, CTGF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, PDGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12) compared with age-matched controls [35,36]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.