Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) overexpression or CXCL17 knockdown NOD2 exhibited anti-tumor characteristics by activating the AMPK pathway through direct binding with the AMPKα-LKB1 complex, resulting in the increased autophagy-modulated apoptosis of HCC cells [68,69]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.