In genome-wide association studies, these genetic factors of multiple functional variants within ADH1B and ALDH2 genes that lead to heightened acetaldehyde levels after alcohol consumption may interact with environmental factors, particularly tobacco and alcohol use, and result in a significantly heightened risk of esophageal cancer—146.4 to 190 times higher than in individuals without these genetic and lifestyle risk factors [51,52]. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH2 and esophageal cancer.