The following factors are all indicated to have a significant impact on the development and severity of depression: dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, neurotransmission disorders including serotonin, chronic inflammation with increased inflammatory cytokines, O&NS, mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [8,9,10,11,12,13]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.