NEFL and Alzheimer disease: We applied a comprehensive battery of markers in CSF and blood, including the core markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), specifically the amyloid-β species Aβx–42, Aβx–4o, and Aβx–38; phosphorylated tau (p-tau); and total tau (t-tau), as well as the astroglia-associated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the axonal biomarker neurofilament light chain (NfL), the microvascular marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), and beta-trace protein (βTP).