GSDMD and systemic lupus erythematosus: While disulfiram has shown efficacy in treating several inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus [146], septic shock [144], and atherosclerosis [147], a study on GSDMD-independent inflammation has demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation cannot be suppressed by disulfiram when the activation overwhelms the protection offered by GSDMD inhibition [148].