TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Moreover, another large postmarketing safety study of tofacitinib versus TNF inhibitors for various diseases (mainly administered for rheumatoid arthritis but also other diseases such as ulcerative colitis), the ORAL Surveillance phase IV noninferiority clinical trial of 4361 patients also evaluated the risk of malignancies (excluding NMSC) in patients using tofacitinib 5 mg b.i.d. (n = 1455 patients) or 10 mg b.i.d. (n = 1456 patients), or a TNF antagonist (n = 1451 patients) [53].