TLR4 and atopic eczema: LBP was shown to alleviate the neuroinflammation of estrogen deficiency-induced-aging mice through the downregulation of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels by inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway [33], and RGBPs were found to attenuate skin aging caused by UV and atopic dermatitis by increasing antioxidant activity, inhibiting activating protein-1 (AP-1) transactivation, and reducing chemokine MDC/CCL22 and TARC/CCL17 levels [43].