LCN2 and Nephropathy: The predictive biomarkers approved by the FDA and EMEA for detecting kidney damage [43] include the urine biomarkers of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) [44], urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [45], interleukin-18 (IL-18) [46], and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) [47].