NGF and head and neck cancer: Published data from our group also revealed that EGF (epidermal growth factor), TGFα (transforming growth factor α), TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1), and NGF (nerve growth factor) can stimulate head and neck cancer cell migration, and a specific PI3k/Akt pathway inhibitor such as PI103 or MK2206 can effectively block growth factor-induced cell migration [175,176].