In addition, inflammatory markers in the skin of AD mice, such as receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NFκB, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), COX2, TNFα, IL-1β, and interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL-2Rα), were assessed. Here, TLR4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.