CA2 and neoplasm: The results showed that the CA2-2, LPS + IFN-γ, and LPS + IFN-γ + CA2-2-activated macrophage administration significantly reduced tumor volume in the 4T1 bearing nude mice 15 days post-injection compared to the PBS-treated M0 macrophage, as shown in Fig. 8C and D. Tumor growth in mice treated with LPS + IFN-γ + CA2-2 and CA2-2 (0.05 μM)-activated macrophages were slower than the M0 macrophage (Fig. 8E), indicating M1 macrophages can suppress tumor growth.