TNF and Sepsis: The biomarker IL-8 has previously been described to be higher in infants with proven late-onset sepsis.50 A sustained inflammatory condition in preterm infants has been associated with elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα.45 Our results support this finding as infants who developed sepsis demonstrated higher levels of not only IL8, but also TGFα, HGF, TNFSF14 and CCL20 in plasma week 4.