ACE and Stroke: In the IRIS trial, phenomapping performed at the pre-specified timepoints identified hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, use of ACEi (Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors) or ARB (angiotensin receptor blockers), thiazides or beta-blockers, prior history of stroke/TIA (transient ischemic attack), and reported gender as possible predictors of treatment effect heterogeneity for pioglitazone.