Analysis of the breakpoints of PTEN-encompassing deletions in CRC and other tumor types (Fig. 5d) indicated that genes commonly co-deleted with PTEN include KLLN, ATAD1, PAPSS2, RNLS, and LIPJ. Separate analysis of deletion patterns of these genes shows they are never in the absence of a co-occurring deletion of PTEN, and that mutations inactivating these genes in CRC are extremely uncommon, affecting <1% of tumors. The gene discussed is PAPSS2; the disease is neoplasm.