To further explore the clinical predictive significance of stem-like CD8+ Tpex in T + A-treated HCC patients, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the accumulation of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+ T cells in biopsy tissues and T + A response of HCC patients (the T + A response was evaluated by mRECIST, Supplementary Table 1, Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene TCF7 and hepatocellular carcinoma.