TSC2 and renal cell carcinoma: These include papillary neoplasms with reverse polarity that are associated with recurrent mutations of KRAS [4], biphasic hyalinizing psammomatous RCC that show NF2 mutations [5], somatic TSC2-inactivating mutations that are identified in eosinophilic vacuolated tumors (EVT), and low-grade oncocytic tumors that may be characterized by MTOR mutations [6, 7].