The upstream analysis identified 11 genes (downregulated: CCL2, NOS2, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP9, CCL4, IL-10, CCL3L3, CCND1, BCL2L1; upregulated: GCLM) in the dataset with the same measurement direction as the Nrf2 activator bardoxolone methyl, a natural product-derived triterpenoid (z-score 3.251; p-value 5.82 × 10−11) which has reached phase III clinical trials for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease [11]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.