The relationship between the presence of A. muciniphila in the gut and favorable outcomes with ICI therapy among patients with NSCLC has been supported by studies performed by Grenda et al. [34] In this study, the authors performed NGS on the gut microbiome of 47 NSCLC patients undergoing first- or second-line anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.