In 2006, Zhao et al. [176], and Schaft et al. [177], were the first to describe the exploitation of IVT-mRNA to develop the approach of cancer T-cell receptor (TCR) immunotherapy, mainly using electroporation of primary T-cells, isolated from blood, with TCR targeting the gp100, resulting in functional CTLs against gp100+ melanoma cells. The gene discussed is PMEL; the disease is melanoma.