GFAP and Alzheimer disease: Finally, in brain cortices from Murine Hepatitis Virus-1 (MHV-1) coronavirus-inoculated mice—an in vivo model which is very similar to the SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in humans—a significant increase in AT8-tau hyperphosphorylation along with reactive astrocytes and microglia (GFAP and Iba1-positive, respectively) and reduced synaptophysin-1 synaptic protein are found up to 12 months post-infection, again recapitulating several characteristic features of chronic neurodegenerative human tauopathies, including AD [202].