Maintenance of autophagic flux during DM also may be one factor in preserving cognition [77,371], maintaining muscle integrity [354], fostering the function of pancreatic β-cells [372], decreasing insulin resistance in models of autophagy Atg7 gene deletion and obesity [373], blocking nephropathy during DM with maintenance of autophagy Atg7, Atg5, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) proteins [374], and controlling the development of pancreatic β-cells [375]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.