REN and atherosclerosis: The metabolic pathways that were significantly upregulated were “beta-Lactam resistance”, “carbohydrate digestion and absorption”, “nitrotohuene degradation”, “NOD-like receptor signalling pathways”, “plant-pathogen interactions”, “renin-angiotensin system”, and “salmonella infection”, and “fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis” were significantly downregulated metabolic pathways.