INS and Sepsis: Taken together, these findings lay a foundation that indicates that although empirical administration of insulin in hyperglycemic acute trauma patients can be somewhat effective, there is also the potential that without knowledge of how the insulin/glucose can affect patients who may transition into sepsis, adequate antibiotic treatment could be hampered, particularly if the isolate was both multidrug-resistant as well as phenotypically induced to express higher levels of biofilm.