To better realise the similar effects of metformin treatments on HCC induced in both Fah−/− and Ncoa5+/− mouse models, we performed clustering analysis based on the top 1000, 3000 and 5000 Standard Deviation genes after removing the batch effect and using the ‘combat’ function in sva package.38 This evidence concerns the gene NCOA5 and hepatocellular carcinoma.