NOD1 and hereditary elliptocytosis: Because it has been shown that Nod1 senses cytosolic microbial products by monitoring the activation state of small Rho GTPases45, and Rho GTPases can regulate HSPC function46 and promote their formation in vivo47, we postulated that small Rho-GTPases could activate Nod1 within ECs to drive HE induction.