TGFB1 and neoplasm: ATRA is a well-known inducer of tumor cell differentiation, while the other chemicals in the combination, SB431542 [a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibitor], CHIR99021 (a Wnt activator), and BIX01294 (a histone methyltransferase inhibitor), are commonly used in cell reprogramming (Zhao, 2019).