TNF and Cognitive impairment: Mice with cognitive impairment due to intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection were not only improved in memory tests by alpha7 nAChR agonist GTS-21 but the drug also blocked the streptozotocin-induced overproduction of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the hippocampus and the cortex [51].