AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: However, HCC patients had a higher rate of HCC-associated etiologies, including HBV infection, HCV infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis (76.92% vs. 27.59%, P = 0.002), a higher rate of cirrhosis (59.83% vs. 17.24%, P < 0.001), a higher rate of platelet depletion (34.19% vs. 13.79%, P = 0.041), increased serum AFP (1307.22 ± 7229.01 vs. 7.18 ± 19.89 ng/ml, P = 0.048), and protein induced by Vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) levels (7031.90 ± 17,062.84 vs. 176.75 ± 812.60 mAU/ml, P < 0.001) (Table 1).