TRIM21 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In the same study, the authors demonstrated that SLE patients who are positive for anti-TRIM21/Ro52 have a significantly higher level of resting B-cell differentiation toward plasmablasts and increased antibody production in general as compared with seronegative SLE patients and healthy controls, indicating that anti-TRIM21/Ro52 impairs the TRIM21/Ro52 function of B-cell homeostasis [33].