In the study of Grumach et al., 50% of C1-INH-HAE patients had an edematous attack in the acute phase of the infection; 37.5% had limb edema, 12.5% had abdominal localization, while Olivares et al. measured this ratio at 45.5%, also in C1-INH-HAE patients30,31. Here, SERPING1 is linked to infection.