It has also been demonstrated that T cells in subjects with established RA recognize multiple citrullinated autoantigens15, and it has also been demonstrated that there may be abnormalities of T cell subsets in pre-RA16; however, it is not known how the antigen specificity and phenotypic profile of self-reactive T cells or B cells in pre-RA may differ from ACPA(−) individuals or individuals with classified RA. The gene discussed is PRTN3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.