For example, identification of PGVs in DDR genes associated with non-LC informs treatment options with PARP inhibitors, improves outcomes, and, in some cases, increases overall survival for patients with breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer.44,49 Investigators recently reported that patients with small-cell LC who carry PGVs in BRIP1, a DDR gene, appear to have more benefit from platinum-based therapy than those who lack the same BRIP1 PGV.50 Overall, the potential treatment benefit for patients with LC with DDR PGVs remains theoretical and deserves further investigation. The gene discussed is BRIP1; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.