Three of 14 (21%) POLE/POLD1-mutated gliomas, including the spinal metastases of patients Fam011-III.1/M1 (17.8 mut/Mb) and M2 (20.7 mut/Mb), and the primary astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 2 of patient WI27-III.1 (24.4 mut/Mb), had a TMB ≥ 17 mut/Mb and were hypermutated according to Touat et al. 2020 [32] (Fig. 3a). Here, POLE is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).