TGFB1 and epilepsy: To assess the level of neural excitability in the process of epilepsy, we performed ssGESA using the dataset (GSE1834) of kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic rat model at five time points (1, 6, 24, 72, and 240 h) by calculating the enrichment scores for TGF-β pathway (Fig. 2A).