Incorporation of PIVKA-II into Hangzhou criteria (HC&PIVKA-II) was made, as follows: (a) tumor burden ≤8 cm; (b) tumor burden >8 cm, but with histopathologic grade I/II and simultaneously at least 1 eligible tumor markers (PIVKA-II ≤240 mAU/ml or AFP ≤400 ng/ml) (Fig. S1, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/JS9/B361, which describes this prognostic stratification algorithm). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is neoplasm.