PILRA and Alzheimer disease: Importantly, treating iMGLs with pTau, but not with tau or LPS, for 6 hours recapitulated the abnormal upregulation of genes (APOE, PILRA, ATG7, ANP32A, and GPR141) (Figure 1H) and downregulation of genes (PRKCA, ANPS1A, MEF2C, and CECR2) (Figure 1I) observed in the microglia of patients with AD (10, 22).