CASP3 and schizophrenia: H2 inhalation attenuates transient whole brain ischemia-induced cognitive dysfunction by attenuating neuronal oxidative stress in the CA1 region.[76] Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment by inhibiting isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced ATP levels.[77] These studies suggest that H2 can alleviate cognitive impairment and has important research implications for the treatment of schizophrenia since cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia.