TNF and diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unequivocally established as an inflammatory condition, characterized by perturbations in various inflammatory mediators, notably tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which have been strongly associated with the development of diabetic complications [12, 13].